Viewing Routes

There are two ways to view the routes: Via the WebGUI, and via the command line.

To view the routes in the WebGUI, navigate to Diagnostics > Routes and output is shown similar to this Figure.

The output from the command line is similar to that seen in the WebGUI:

# netstat -rWn Routing tables   Internet: Destination	Gateway	Flags	Use	Mtu	Netif Expire
default	198.51.100.1	UGS	1822	1500	igb1
10.2.0.0/24	link#2	U	0	1500	igb0
10.2.0.1	link#2	UHS	0	16384	lo0
127.0.0.1	link#11	UH	204	16384	lo0
198.51.100.0/24	link#3	U	1181	1500	igb1
198.51.100.1	00:08:a2:09:95:b6	UHS	2789	1500	igb1
198.51.100.2	link#3	UHS	0	16384	lo0

The columns shown on these screens indicate various properties of the routes, and are explained later in this section.

Destination

This column contains the destination host or network. The default route for the system is simply listed as default. Otherwise, hosts are listed as by IP address, and networks are listed with an IP address and CIDR subnet mask.

Gateway

A gateway is the router through which packets going to a specific destination are sent. If this column shows a link, such as link#1, then that network is directly reachable by that interface and no special routing is necessary. If a host is visible with a MAC address, then it is a locally reachable host with an entry in the ARP table, and packets are sent there directly.

Flags

There are quite a few flags, all of which are covered in the FreeBSD man page for netstat(1), reproduced in Table

Route Table Flags and Meanings with some modifications.

Table 1: Route Table Flags and Meanings

Letter	Flag	Meaning
1	RTF_PROTO1	Protocol specific routing flag #1
2	RTF_PROTO2	Protocol specific routing flag #2
3	RTF_PROTO3	Protocol specific routing flag #3
B	RTF_BLACKHOLE	Discard packets during updates
b	RTF_BROADCAST	Represents a broadcast address
D	RTF_DYNAMIC	Created dynamically by redirect
G	RTF_GATEWAY	Destination requires forwarding by intermediary
H	RTF_HOST	Host entry (net otherwise)
L	RTF_LLINFO	Valid protocol to link address translation
M	RTF_MODIFIED	Modified dynamically (by redirect)
R	RTF_REJECT	Host or net unreachable
S	RTF_STATIC	Manually added
U	RTF_UP	Route usable
X	RTF_XRESOLVE	External daemon translates proto to link address

For example, a route flagged as UGS is a usable route, packets are sent via the gateway listed, and it is a static route.

Refs

This column counts the current number of active uses of a given route.

Use

This counter is the total number of packets sent via this route. This is helpful for determining if a route is actually being used, as it will continually increment as packets utilize the route.

Netif

The network interface used for this route.

Expire

For dynamic entries, this field shows how long until this route expires if it is not used again.